Brick-kiln



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shee't 1.

H. s. HALLWOOD.

BRICK KILN.

Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

/A/ VENTO/f v flem g 1f fully/00a M WIT/758858.

ATTOHNEW (No Model.) 2 Stieets-Sheet 2. H. S. HALL-WOOD.

WITNESSES. l/VVEIVTUH A TTOIM/EYJ in the accompanying drawings, inwhich- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY S. HALLWOOD, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

BRlCK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,524, datedSeptember 16, 1890.

Application filed April 24, 1890. Serial No. 349,227. (No model.)

the kiln within the ground are two longitudinal and parallel smoke-finesd, said flues beginning at a point adjacent to the rear end wall andpassing outward beneath the front end doorway Z) to a suitablesmoke-stack or other desired point. Formed in the inner sides of theside walls a at intervals are vertical flue seats or depressions c, saiddepressions extending from points near the tops of the side walls to thelower portions thereof 1 and a short distance from the floor of thekiln. WVithin each of the flue-seats e,l[ build a vertical flue composedof hollow tiles f, seated one upon the other, and having their centralhollows communicating. As shown in the drawings,these tiles are eachprovided on their Vertical sides with central semicircular and verticalgrooves f. As shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, these grooves f when thetiles are placed in position, are made to face similar grooves a, formedin the sides of the flue-seats e. The two grooves f and a are thus madeto form a vertical keyway, which is adapted to receive a vertical plugor key a formed of fire-clay or other similar substance and whichoperates to lock the tile into connection with the kiln-wall.

As shown in the drawings, the tiles which form the flue are of suchwidth or thickness as 'to abut against the kiln-wall and have theirinner sides projecting into the burning-chamber beyond the innersurfaces of the side walls. The lower tile of each flue hascommunicating therewith the inner end of an oblong tile g, which leadstransversely through the kiln side wall.

h represents the gas-pipes, one of which enters from the outside of thekiln through each of the inlet-tile g. Each of said pipes terminateswithin the lower tile of the flue in a suitable burner g.

As shown in my former patent, No. 424,474, under date of April 1, 1890,the ground-fines d are uncovered, with the exception of the cross-tiles7c, arranged at intervals over said flues, the openings between whichcommunicate with the interior of the kiln.

In the construction of each flue I preferably employ two or more tileshaving the construction shown in Figs. 5 and 7 of the drawings-i. a,tiles provided on their inner sides withslotted openings m, which leadlaterally To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, HENRY S. I'IALLWooD, a citizen of the United States,residing at C0- lumbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Brick-Kilns, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the improvement of brick-kiln s, and hasparticular relation to that class of kilns which are particularlyadapted for burning fire-brick or paving-blocks.

The objects of my invention are to so construct a brick-kiln as todistribute heat from the lines along the inner side walls of the kiln;to thus distribute the heat equally; to so construct and arrangesectional wall-fines 1 as to admit of the entire flue or any sectionthereof being replaced when desired and to accomplish this objectwithout injury to the kiln-wall; to so construct the kiln-flues as to Iadmit of the flues being made to communicate at one or more points withthe interior of the kiln during the process of burning; to produce akiln of superior construction for imparting to the brick uniform heat byburning natural or artificial gas, and at the same time to so constructthe same as to provide for the addition thereto of outside furnaces, 1if desired; to construct said kiln in a simple 3 and durable manner andin such form as to produce perfect combustion within the flues and astrong downdraft therefrom. These objects I accomplish in the mannerillustrated Figure 1 is a horizontal section of the kiln, taken on twoplanes, as indicated on line was of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a partial end viewand partial transverse section taken through one of the wall-fines. Fig.3 is a detail view in elevation of one of the flue-dampers. Fig. 4 is acentral vertical section of said damper. Fig. 5 is a transverse sectionof one form of tile used in the construction of the wall-flues. Fig. 6is a perspective view of a difierent form of tile used in saidconstruction, and Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the form shown in Fig.5.

Similarletters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

a represents the side walls, I) the end walls, and c the arched top ofmy improved kiln.

Formed beneath the center of the width of outward throughtheinwardly-proj ecting portions of the tiles and form a communicationbetween the interior of the flue and the interior of the kiln. Theseopenings at are designed to be temporarily closed, as shown in Fig. 5 ofthe drawings, by plugs m of fireclay or other suitable material. Therear side of each of the tiles, which are provided with the openings m,is also provided with an opening 71, which forms a continuation of atrans Verse kiln-wall opening n, which leads to the outer side of thekiln.

Over the mouth or inlet of each of the tiles 9 is fixed by attachment tothe kiln-wall a damper, which consists of a metallic disk 8, providedwith a central hole, through which passes the gas-pipe h. This disk isalso provided at equidistant points about said central pipe-hole withperforations s, which are adapted to be covered or partially covered,when desired, by means of a pivoted damperplate .9 which looselysurrounds the pipe h adjoining the face of the plate 5, said damperplatebeing provided with holes 8 corresponding in number and arranged in thesame circle with holes 8.

The operation of my improved kiln is as follows: The brick to be burnedhaving been piled in a desired manner in the kiln-burning chamber andthe end doors of the kiln closed, gas is turned into the pipes h andignited at the burners g. The flame thus produced operates to thoroughlyheat each tile of the flue,

and said flames being fed by currents of air through the tile g a strongupward draft may be attained. The incoming air-current may, however, beregulated by the partial opening or closing of the openings 8 of thedamperdisk 8. As indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 of the drawings, thecurrent of hot air which passes out through the top of each wall-flue isdrawn by the ground-flue d downward through the brick to be burned, andthence into said ground-flue to the stack. Owing to the-fact that thewall-fines are made to project,' as described, within theburning-chamber and past the inner surfaces of the walls, it will beseen that the heat radiating from the tiles will be directed from thethree sides thereof, said tiles thus serving not only to throw heatinward among the brick, but to throw it off laterally and insure adistribution of the heat along the inner side walls of the kiln.

Although the tiles f, which are provided with the plug-openings m, maybe distributed, as desired, along the wall-fines, I preferably employ ineach of said flues two of said tiles one near the upper portion ofeach'of the flues and the other near the lower portion thereof when itbecomes desirable. The brick in the upper and central portion of thekiln having become thoroughly heated, and it being desired to equalizethe distribution of the heat throughout the brick to be burned, thebrick contained along the sides of the kiln may be subjected to agreater heat by unclosin'g the I slotted tile-openings m. This isaccomplished by inserting through each of the wall-openings n and thetile-openings n a poker or rod n having an upturned inner end, saidpoker being so manipulated that when its inner upturned end is withinthe tile the plugs m may be forced from their sockets by contacttherewith. In this manner it will be seen that the brick which have notreceived the direct draft of the hot-air currents which pass out throughthe flue-tops will be subjected to the desired increase of heat, whichwill result in the equal burning of all the brick contained in the kilnwithout reference to their locality.

From the fact that the flues herein shown and described are formed insections, it will be seen that in case one of the tile of a flue shouldbe burned out or become unfit for use the tile may be broken out and anew one substituted therefor.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with the side walls provided withinternal flue-depressions, of vertical sectional wall-flues supportedwithin said depressions and projecting, as described, within theburning-chamber, and inlet-flues communicating with said wall-finesthrough the kiln-wall, substantially as described.

2. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with the side walls, the latterprovided with line seats or depressions, of vertical fines formed oftile-sections, and said flues projecting within the burning-chamber, oneor more of the fluetiles having plugged openings leading to theburning-chamber, a transverse wall-opening communicating with theinterior of said plugged tiles and adapted to receive a poker or rod,and wall-inlets communicating with the lower portions of the flues,substantially as specified.

3. In a brick-kiln, the combination of the walls provided with flueseats or depressions, the latter having, as described, half-keyways a,verticalfiues within said depressions, said flues formed of hollowtile-sectionsf, each provided with half-keyways f, adaptedto meet thekeyways a, and earthen keys a adapted, as described, to connect theflue-sections and flue-walls, substantially as specified.

4. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with the kiln-walls provided withtransverse inlet-tiles IIO g and internal vertical flue-seats e, ofwallflues supported within said flue-seats and projecting within theburning-chamber, said wall-fines formed of tile-sections andcommunicating with inlet-tiles g, gas-pipes h, entering the lowerportions of the fines through tiles g, and suitable dampers fitting overthe mouth of said tiles g, substantially as described.

HENRY S. HALLVVOOD. In presence of Y C. (J. SHEPHERD,

E. E. BRAGG.

